THE CELL THEORY

Zacharias Jensen - 1595

He was the first person that invented the compound microscope.

Robert Hooke - 1655

The first person to discover cell walls using the microscope. He created the term "cell".

Leeuwenhoek - 1674

Created his own microscope and was able to observe bacteria making him the1st person to

see it.

1

How did Janssen's, Hooke's, and Leeuwenhoek's work contribute to the work of the scientist that came after them?

As a result of their invention and their observations, the three figures above contribute to the work of other scientist that came after them. How? Thanks to Janssen scientist now have the microscope to use during their experiments. Without Hooke's discovery people wouldn't even know about cells and Leeuwenhoek's improved microscope help scientist see more inside of things even his own microscope led to the discovery of bacteria. The three figures also contribute to each other's work. Zacharias Jenssen invented the compound microscope, which Robert Hooke used to discover cells in 1663. Hooke's discovery is then developed further by Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674.

2

How would our lives be different if we had never realized the existence of microorganism? Provide at least one example to support your answer!

Our lives would be different of we never realized the existence of microorganism, as we would not only know their existence but also their advantage and disadvantages. We are not aware of how dangerous they might be but we also would not know how helpful they can be. Our body would be easily exposed to bacteria that cause diseases, there would be no medication for the diseases since antibiotics and vaccine do not exist (used for vaccine production from weakened or killed forms of the microbe).

2

3

Describe the concept of spontaneous generation. Why did you think it took such a long time for people to accept the idea was incorrect?

Spontaneous generation is the hypothesis that living organism could develop directly from inanimate objects. The spontaneous generation believe that if you put together dirty underwear and wheat grain to be mixed in a bucket and left open outside you would create a mice. Another often-used example was the generation of maggots from meat that was left in the open. The reason why people accept this theory in the nineteenth century is because they don't have enough or any evidence at all to prove this theory otherwise.

4

How do you think the cell theory impacted later scientific discoveries? Explain your answer.

The cell theory help scientist understand basic cell information. So they don't have to worry about the lack of understanding the organism. As many different hypothesis and scientific discoveries were derived and concluded with the help of basics from this theory.

5

The microscope and numerous experiments lead to the rejection of spontaneous generation. How does this demonstrate the true nature of science?

When trying to describe the nature of science one need to understands and talk about when entering these worlds. Scientific knowledge relies on observations, experimental evidence and argument. Finding new evidence/result shifted the old theory in a different perspective. Those new questions, ideas and result is what keeps the scientific research growing making the scientific theories we have today. Scientific theories are tentative therefore theories we have today may change in just a couple year even month.

6

Review Pasteur's experiment. Relate his experiment to the scientific method.

In 1862, Pasteur wants to prove that living things did not come from non living things organism. His experiment was created to prove that living thing had to come from another living thing. Therefore, Pasteur used the scientific method to complete his experiment. Scientific method is a process of making observations, asking questions, forming a hypothesis, and designing experiments to prove the hypothesis. Pasteur come up with his hypothesis and prove his hypothesis by conducting an experiment called the swan neck flask experiment. While doing his experiment, Pasteur record his observation of the experiment. Then, he conclude the result of the experiment.

a

Where do microbes come from to cause broth to decay?

Pasteur's Question:

c

Pasteur observe the dependent variable(microorganism from broth) respose to the independent variable (straight neck and swan neck flask).

b

Microbes come from cells of organism on dust particles in the air; not the air itself

d

The conclusion Pasteur drew from the experiment is that living things can only "appear" on the broth if they are let in. The broth in the broken flasks quickly became cloudy showing signs of mocrobial life. However, the broth in the unbroken flasks remained clear. Without dust mocrobes could not travel therefore no life arose.

7

Examine your timeline. How long did it take to develop the cell theory? What does this imply about the formulation of a theory?

It took about 300 years to develop the cell theory. It took so long because it was made by 8 scientist that did not work together. They were doing their own work during different times, but all their work together form the theory of cell.

8

Why do we still consider the cell theory a theory? Explain your answer.

Cell theory is considered because the theory is always correct. Every time a scientist test it again, the result would just be the same as before. If proven wrong once, this theory would not be called a theory anymore but it would be just a simple hypothesis.

CELL ANALOGY

A HOUSE

mY SCIENTIFIC REPORT

Cell walls are the wall of the house that protects everything inside it. Ensuring its safety

The people in the house are the nucleus. They take control of everything inside the house, making sure all goes well.

Hallways represent the ER. The hallways are passage way for people like how protein transport in the ER.

Pantry and fridge are like vacuoleThey store food for the people in the house like how vacuole store nutrients for the cell.

The doors in the house are cell membrane. They are responsible of what goes in and goes out of the cell just like a door.

Lysosomes are the garbage cans in the house. Garbage are where waste is thrown away, sometimes it can be recycled too.

Mitochondria being the powerhouse of the cell are like the electricity that gives energy throughout the whole house.

Ribosomes are the tools used in the house to create proteins. The proteins are the result of the tools (food).

The rough ER are the things that are attach to the walls such as, a cable outlet.

The house structures are the cell's cytoskeleton. The brick/wall give the house its shape.

Windows on the house are the chloroplast. Chloroplast "absorb" the sunlight letting it come through just like a window.

3D ORGAN CHIP

WHAT

IS IT?

A 3D 'organ on a chip' is a new biotech invention that allows monitor of cells in conducting research.

WHO INVENT IT?

The creation of this device is led by Dr. Owens from University of of Cambridge and other colleagues from France, Greece and Saudi Arabia.

CLICK THE IMAGE TO READ MORE

WHEN WAS IT CREATED?

It is known known neither mentioned when the team started creating this device however this device seem to be finished in early October 2018 seeing that most article wrote about it in 26 to 18 October 2018

WHY DID THEY INVENT IT?

This enables real-time and accurate monitoring of cells and could be used to develop new treatments for disease while reducing the number of animals used in research. Animals have organs that works differently than humans causing data obtained to be less accurate.

HOW?

This device use some kind of sponge-like material to mimic native tissue structure. This device 'mechanism' is based on a scaffold of the sponge, transistor and tubes. This is to create an environment for the cells, making them as natural as possible.

"With this system, we can monitor the growth of the tissue, and its health in response to external drugs or toxins"

"Apart from toxicology testing, we can also induce a particular disease in the tissue, and study the key mechanisms involved in that disease or discover the right treatments"

CLICK ME!

MONOCOT

[Arum Plant]

ROOTS

The Roots

1/3

FIBROUS ROOTS

The Arum plant has roots that branched out from the stem.

FLOWER

LEAFS

The Leaf

1/2

Parallel Leafs

This kind of plant typically has leaves veins that are parallel the length of the leaf.

DICOT

[Chilli Tree]

STEM

The Stem

1/3

Herbaceous Stem

As you can see the arum plant have green and soft stem with little to no wood.